Rarities, Olde & Rare Logarithmic Calculators

Gunter's Scales, Sectors, Excise & Proof Rules, Etc.
(Cylindrical Spiral and linear Slide Rules are moving to a new gallery)
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This page contains slide rules that are very rare, hard to find or manufactured in the 1800's, earlier and later, but prior to WWII, using turn of the century materials and process. These may include Boxwood, Ivory (Bone), Brass and in many instances were hand-divided by an artisan. Thanks to the members of the UK Slide Rule Circle, the Dutch KRING and the Oughtred Society for most of the scans provided in this gallery. Some images provided by major museums.

Many of these images in the ISRM galleries, also appear in the Oughtred Society's Rarities Gallery, which displays rare, not necessarily old, specimens in collections of active members's of the Oughtred Society. This gallery is being compiled by Ted Hume and Rod Lovette.

In conjunction with the 'donors' the OS assigns a rarity rating to each item, based on the system devised by Herman van Herwijnen (1929 - 2004), renowned Dutch collector, author, and creator of Herman's Catalogue.
• RR = Rare - 1 of 25 collectors has one; it may take a year to find an example in the marketplace.
• RRR = Very Rare - only a few known to collectors; may be several years before it comes up for sale.
• RRRR = Extremely Rare - a museum piece; unlikely that an example will come up for sale.
At the bottom of this gallery page is a BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SLIDE RULE (1620-1909) from HISTORY OF THE LOGARITHMIC SLIDE RULE by Florian Cajori, School Of Engineering, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Col. 1909

Napier's Bones (Rods)

Lord John Napier (latinized Nepero), Baron of Merchiston, Edinburgh, Scotland. Published the logarithm in 1614, after 20 years of developing the tables, which made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction and was the foundation for all future slide rule designs. Ex: a*b = 10^(log(a)+log(b)) and a/b = 10^(log(a)-log(b)). He created this calculating tool, which is easy to build out of square dowels. Napier's publication of his invention: Napier, John (1550-1617) Rabdologiae, 1617, Edinburgh as reprinted and annotated by From the Tomash Library on the History of Computing. See more at Wikipedia.

Replica of Napier's Bones
Replika der Napierschen Rechenstaebchen 1998 Convatec
Instructions - German (5.41MB PDF)
This replica was commissioned by ConvaTec,a global medical products and technologies company. German slide rule collector, Dr., Klaus Kühn wrote and donated the instructions.

John Brown Circular Slide Rule

A circular slide rule, made by John Brown, with two brass radial arms and an astronomical quadrant engraved on the back. A spiral slide rule affords a long and therefore accurate logarithmic line in a small amount of space. The potential of spiral rules was not really utilized until the Victorian period, when several spiral and helical designs appeared on the market. Sciencemuseum.org.uk archive #1954-433.

Gunter's Scale

This is the predecessor of the modern slide rule. created by Edmund Gunter.

In 1614 Scottish mathematician John Napier announced his discovery of logarithms. Within eight years, Edmund Gunter, an English clergyman who was interested in mathematics, had devised a scale on which logarithms could be multiplied and divided, by measuring the distance between two logarithmic numbers with a pair of dividers. Shortly thereafter, instrument makers were manufacturing wooden rules with standard (or "natural") scales typically used in navigation on one side and Gunter's logarithmic (or "artificial") scales on the other side. This instrument, a precursor of the slide rule, became known as Gunter's scale. Since it was made of one piece of wood, the expansion and shrinking that happened at sea did not impede its operation. Thus, Gunter's scale remained popular with ship's navigators until the end of the 19th century, when new materials were available for the manufacture of slide rules. Surveyors, mechanics, craftsmen, and retailers also used Gunter's scales to make logarithmic and trigonometric calculations.A pair of dividers is used to measure a distance (the multiplicand and the multiplier) along the rule and add it to another distance, the multiplicand, forming the combined distance, the product, on the rule. The accuracy of an answer is limited by the length of the rule and the user's ability to resolve a number. Description is provided by the National Museum of American Histrory who has several specimens.
Note: there are small brass pins with indents at the start of several common scales to rest the point of the calipers. This is used to prevent wear on the scale.



Merrifield & Co Gunter's Scale - Two-Foot c1825
ISRM 23.10.06.01
Dr. Cecil Thomas Holmes (Dec 1896 - Jun 1988) A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Wing Professor of Mathematics Emeritus. - . Professor Holmes graduated from Bates College in 1915 and then spent a year teaching in the Sangerville, Maine, High School and a year as instructor in rhetoric at Bates College before going to Harvard University, where he earned a master's degree and a doctorate, finishing in 1931. He taught mathematics at the Kentucky Military Institute and the New Haven, Connecticut, High School and served as an infantryman in the U.S. Army during World War I and then came to Bowdoin in 1925 as an assistant professor. He was promoted to associate professor in 1931 and to full professor in 1937. In 1963 he was named Wing Professor of Mathematics. He served as chair of the Department of Mathematics from 1961 until his retirement in 1964 and was director of the College's Academic Year Institute. Continued on right
Merrifield & CO Gunter's Scale - Two-Foot - c1825
Made/Re-Branded in the United States by Merrifield & CO who. sold Gunter's scales in Boston and New York in the early 19th century.
Front Scales: 24 inch, LBA, RUM, N*L,SIN CHO, TAN, S*T, decimal foot, 10 inch and 1 inch diagonal scales.
Back Scales: S*R, T*R, NUM, STN, V*S, TAN, MED, E*P.
Note: This is the most common Gunter Scale, used for navigation
Carol H. Marand of Roanoke, Virginia.. Belonged to grandfather Dr. Cecil Thomas Holmes (Dec 1896- Jun 1988)

Cont'd Professor Holmes was the author of two widely used textbooks, Calculus and Analytical Geometry - 1950 and Trigonometry - 1951, and was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Mathematical Society. He was a member of Sigma Xi, an honorary scientific society, was a liaison officer of the Mathematical Association of America to the Maine Department of Education, and was a member of the Association of the Teachers of Mathematics in Maine. He also served as a member, and later as a fellow, of the Board of Overseers at Bates College. According to the 1965 Bugle (Bowdoin Yearbook). Professor Holmes has been a bit of a perfectionist, setting high standards for himself and expecting the same from his students." It also cited his "wry sense of humor" and called him "a true humanitarian. Biography of Holmes taken from the annual report of Bowdoin College, 1987-88


Belcher Bros Gunter's Scale - Two Foot c1853
ISRM 14.05.28.01
Belcher Brothers - Thomas Belcher, the son of the English rule maker, Zachariah Becher I, began making rules in New York in 1821 and was joined by his brother, William, in 1825. Around 1831, another brother, Charles, joined the firm, and the company's name was changed from T. & W. Belcher to Belcher Brothers. Around 1843, manufacturing of rules moved to New Jersey and the firm went by the name Belcher & Bros. Around 1853 some of the men's sons joined the firm, and the name was changed to Belcher Bros. & Co. This rule dates from that period 1853-1877. The company had become the largest American manufacturer of rules, but it was surpassed by Stanley in the second half of the 19th century. Belcher stopped manufacturing rules around 1877. Belcher Bros Gunter's Scale - Two Foot - c1853
Made in the United States by Belcher Bros, & Co.. New York.
Front Scales: RUM, CHO, SIN, TAN, S*T, SEC, RUM, M*L, CHO, 24 inch and decimal foot, 1/2 inch and 1 inch diagonal scales.
Back Scales: S*R, T*R, NUM, SIN, V*S, TAN, MER, E*P.
Note: This is the most common Gunter Scale, used for navigation
Note: there are small brass pins with indents at the start of several common scales to rest the point of the calipers. This is used to prevent wear on the scale. Note: There is a small asterisk by the 12 inch line in the center of the lower view. These are maker's marks.
Note: Differences in fonts between the specimens in this gallery, indicating different makers.


Gunter's Scale (unknown Maker) - Two Foot
ISRM 14.05.28.02

Table of Trigonometry, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia,
Volume 2 featuring a Gunter's scale
 Gunter's Scale (unknown Maker) - Two Foot - Circa Early 1800's
Made in UK - Made of Boxwood and distributed by Belcher Bros, & Co.. New York.
Front Scales: RUM, CHO, SIN, TAN, S*T, SEC, RUM, M*L, CHO, 24 inch and decimal foot, 1/2 inch and 1 inch diagonal scales.
Back Scales: S*R, T*R, NUM, SIN, V*S, TAN, MER, E*P.
Note: This is the most common Gunter Scale, used for navigation
Note: there are small brass pins with indents at the start of several common scales to rest the point of the calipers. This is used to prevent wear on the scale. Note: There are three stars by the 12 inch line in the center of the lower view. These are maker's marks.
Note: Differences in fonts between the specimens in this gallery, indicating different makers.


Gunter's Scale (unknown Maker)- Two Foot
REF
Gunter's Scale (unknown Maker) - Two Foot - Circa Early 1800's
Made in UK - Made of Boxwood
Front Scales: RUM, CHO, SIN, TAN, S*T, SEC, RUM, M*L, CHO, 24 inch and decimal foot, 1/2 inch and 1 inch diagonal scales.
Back Scales: S*R, T*R, NUM, SIN, V*S, TAN, MER, E*P.
Note: This is the most common Gunter Scale, used for navigation
Note: There are no stars or asterisks by the 12 inch line in the center of the lower view.
Note: Differences in fonts between the specimens in this gallery, indicating different makers.
Archive - David M. Riches Collection (UK)


Gunter's Scale - One Foot 		Gunter's Scale - One Foot - Circa Early 1800's
Made in UK - Made of Boxwood
Front Scales: (Left) RUM, CHO, SIN, TAN, S*T, (Center) SEC, (Right) S*R, T*R, NUM, SIN, V*S, TAN, MER, E*P, LEA, RUM, M*L, CHO.
Back Scales: 12 inch and decimal foot, 1/2 inch and 1 inch diagonal scales.
Note: The upper side has brass pins insert at the scale starts and some gauge points to protect the rule from the divider points at these frequently used places.
Archive - David M. Riches Collection (UK)

Sectors

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Popularized the sector at the very end of the 16th Century. The sector is a graduated ruler that uses trigonometric formulae and a caliper to calculate squares, cubes, reciprocals and tangents of numbers. Galileo's design of the sector as a mathematical tool can be seen as the moment when calculation aids cease to be based upon counting and instead exploit the deeper relationships among numbers. His invention is still in use as a navigation aid in the 20th century 300 years later.(ref: Oughtred Society) Sectors were frequently included in sets of drawing instruments in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries until made obsolete by the slide rule. There are three types of scale on an English sector: sectoral ones (radiating from the hinge centre), which were used for calculation; plane scales (logarithms, sines, tangents) parallel to the edge; and rules (inches, tenths of feet). Most were six inches in length. A few images from David M. Riches website. Read this excellent paper on Edmund Gunter and the Sector written by C. J Sangwin, of the University of Birmingham, UK.


Lerebours Brass Sector
ISRM 13.09.15.01
Lerebours Brass Sector rotated open

Lerebours Brass Sector rotated straight 		Lerebours Brass Sector
Made by Jean-Noël Lerebours (1761-1840) Paris, France about 1795-1805. The first of the great opticians who helped make the French optical industry competitive with the English between the late eighteenth century and the 1820s.
Scales: For gunnery calculations: Parties line of equal parts, polygons, line of chords, metals, weights of shot and gun caliber. Lettering (hand carved into the brass): French language: Les Partíes Equales. Poligones, les Cordes, Métause, Boulets, plans, and Solides and symbols for different metals.
Note: Unlike English sectors, which were used for general calculation, the French sectors were intended for gunnery calculations. The "Sector" was developed by Galileo & others in the late 1500s. Description: French sectors had scales for the different materials that projectiles were made of in the 17th/18th century period. Given the dimensions, shape and material density, the sector would help determine the angle of elevation of the gun barrel to required to reach a target of a certain distance. A pair of dividers were used to make the calculations along and across the two legs of the dividers. The description provided by Ed Chamberlain of Etna, New Hampshire, who acquired this specimen while in Holland, and made it possible for inclusion in the ISRM physical archives.




Unsigned Brass Sector
ISRM 15.09.27.12
Unsigned Brass Sector rotated open

Unsigned Brass Sector (c1730) 		Unsigned Brass Sector (c1730)
Assumed to be made by George Adams (1707/09-1773) by George Adams. George Adams was a Sciemce writer and Mathmematics Instrument Maker to His Royal Highness, George Prince of Wales, London. Adams was best known for A Treatise Describing the Construction and Explaining the Use of New Celestial and Terrestrial Globes (London: 1766). This is a rare design using a thin blade to keep the arms aligned when closed. The only other Maker that used this technique was Thomas Heath. All others used pins. Sectors were used in calculations involving proportion. They are composed of two flat arms hinged together that can be adjusted to form any angle. Each arm is engraved with logarithmic and trigonometrical lines, which radiate from the centre of the hinge.
Obtained from the Tom Wyman Collection #0176, Oughtred Society 2015IM




W. Elliot Ivory Sector
ISRM 17.06.17.02
W. Elliot Ivory Sector rotated open

Ivory Sector rotated straight to use as 12 inch scale 		W. Elliot Ivory Sector - Pre 1853
Made by W. Elliot, 268 High Holborn, London
Note: sectors marked Elliot Bros was from 1854-1856, successors to Watkins & Hill in 1856.
Typical nineteenth century sector, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants.
Gift of Phillip Rodley, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
Celluloid Protractor c1920
used with Sector in Navigation
and calculations This was sent along with the above W. Elliot sector


WE&F Newton Ivory Sector
ISRM 13.11.05.01
WE&F Newton Ivory Sector rotated open

Ivory Sector rotated straight to use as 12 inch scale 		WE&F Newton Ivory Sector - 1853-1858
Made by WE&F Newton, 3 Fleet ST, Temple Bar, London, England
William, Edward & Fred NEWTON were makers of Globe makers, Mathematical Instruments Makers and Opticians from 1853 - 1858 (Courtesy of Peter Hopp)
Typical nineteenth century sector, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants.
Gift of Phillip Rodley, Upper Hutt, New Zealand

Ivory Protractor c1880, used
with Sector in Navigation
and calculations


Ivory (Bone) Sector
ISRM 14.05.01.05
Ivory Sector rotated open

Ivory Sector rotated straight to use as 12 inch scale 		Ivory Sector
No Maker's marks Typical nineteenth century sector, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants.
Gift of Phillip Rodley, Upper Hutt, New Zealand

Ivory Sector Single 'star' identification mark


Ivory Sector
ISRM 11.12.14.02
Hi-res Image (300dpi)
Ivory Sector rotated open

Ivory Sector rotated straight to use as 12 inch scale 		Ivory Sector
Assumed to be made in UK by W&S Jones, No 135 Holburn, London, England Typical nineteenth century sector, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants.

Identical to the W&S Jones, David Riches Collection, shown below, but without manufacturer's identical and model markings.

Ivory Sector 3 'stars' identification marks



Boxwood Sector
ISRM 13.00.00.83
Hi-res Image (300dpi)
Boxwood Sector rotated open

Boxwood Sector rotated straight to use as 12 inch scale 		Boxwood Sector
Assumed to be made in UK. Typical nineteenth century sector, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants. This one, with the protractor was acquired from England.


Boxwood Sector single
'star' identification mark
Boxwood Protractor used
with Sector in Navigation
and calculations


W&S Jones Sector 		W&S Jones Sector
Made in UK by W&S Jones, No 135 Holburn, London, England
Ivory sector. William & Samuel Jones were at this address from 1792 to 1800. This is very typical of nineteenth century sectors, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants.
Archive - Image and comments donated by David M. Riches


French Sector 		French Sector
Made in France. A brass sector dating from the eighteenth century with scales for line of equal parts, polygons, line of chords, metals, weights of shot and gun calibre. Unlike English sectors, which were used for general calculation, the French ones were generally intended for gunnery calculations.
Archive - Image and comments donated by David M. Riches


4-1/2 Inch Basswood Sector 		4-1/2 Inch Basswood Sector
Made in UK dated from the nineteenth century. Sectors were made in various sizes, but most commonly by far in the six inch size. The smaller, 4 1/2 inch ones would have been made to go with small size instruments, probably a pocket set. The scales are the usual English ones.
Archive - Image and comments donated by David M. Riches


Elliot Brothers Ivory Sector 		Elliot Brothers Ivory Sector
Made in UK by Elliott Bros, Strand, London dating from between 1854 and 1880. This is very typical of nineteenth century sectors, having scales for inches, decimal feet, lines of sines, tangents, equal parts, chords, numbers (log scales for multiplication), polygons, secants. It is a six inch size example.
Archive - Image donated by David M. Riches

Joint Rules (with Gunter Scales)

The first widely used standard form for a logarithmic slide rule is the two-foot, two-fold design devised by Henry Coggeshall around 1677. This was made in many variants by numerous makers, and is relatively easy to come by even today. Folding joint rules were in common use in the 1800's by capenters and other artisans. The addition of a sliding brass slide with logarithmic, or 'Gunter' scales to one leg of the joint rule added a calculation feature not found on the other similar looking devices. The back of the brass slide was divided into inches which allowed the user to use that part of the rule as a depth gage. When unfolded 180 degrees the rule became 24 inches long, not counting the slide length. Joint rules that are all linear, not having any logarithmic scales, are not included in the ISRM galleries.


Carpenters Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide - Unfolded
ISRM 12.01.01.01


Carpenters Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide - Folded

 Carpenters Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide
Made of boxwood with brass joint and Gunter's slide, c1890.
Front Scale (Top Leg): 12" decimal scale 1/16th increments || A (1-10-100) [ B (1-10-100) C ] D (4-10-40), Girt Line
Front Scale (Lower Leg): 1/2:1 Architectural scale. 1/4:1 Architectural Scale, 12" scale 1/16th increments
Back Scale (Top Leg):Fractional Measuring Scale 12 - 24 inches.
Back Scale (Lower Leg):Fractional Measuring Scale 1 - 12 inches.
Back Slide: :Fractional Measuring Scale 1 - 12 inches.
Markings: Warranted Best - Box, RD NO 28060, Improved Joint
Note 1: the D scale from 4 to 40 is based on the Coggeshall design.
Note 2: The Girt line below the slide, is used in calculating the volume of timber
('girt' is a quarter of the circumference of a round log).
Note 3: The Gunter's scale is in the format defined by Coggeshall in the 1600's


Stanley No 15 Engineers Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide - Folded
ISRM 13.00.00.84
 Stanley No 15 Engineers Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide
Made of boxwood with brass joint and Gunter's slide, c1890.
Front Scale (Top Leg): 12" decimal scale 1/16th increments || A (1-10-100) [ B (1-10-100) C ] D (4-10-40), Girt Line
Front Scale (Lower Leg): 1/2:1 Architectural scale. 1/4:1 Architectural Scale, 12" scale 1/16th increments
Back Scale (Top Leg):Fractional Measuring Scale 12 - 24 inches.
Back Scale (Lower Leg):Fractional Measuring Scale 1 - 12 inches.
Back Slide: :Fractional Measuring Scale 1 - 12 inches.
Markings: Warranted Box wood
Note 1: the D scale from 4 to 40 is based on the Coggeshall design.
Note 2: The Girt line below the slide, is used in calculating the volume of timber
('girt' is a quarter of the circumference of a round log).
Note 3: The Gunter's scale is in the format defined by Coggeshall in the 1600's


Henry & Co. Engineers Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide - Folded
ISRM 15.02.23.02
 Henry & Co. Engineers Joint Rule with Gunter's scale on Slide
Made of boxwood with brass joint and Gunter's slide, c1890.
Front Scale (Top Leg): 12" decimal scale 1/16th increments || A (1-10-100) [ B (1-10-100) C ] D (4-10-40), Girt Line
Front Scale (Lower Leg): 1/2:1 Architectural scale. 1/4:1 Architectural Scale, 12" scale 1/16th increments
Back Scale (Top Leg):Fractional Measuring Scale 12 - 24 inches.
Back Scale (Lower Leg):Fractional Measuring Scale 1 - 12 inches.
Back Slide: :Fractional Measuring Scale 1 - 12 inches.
Markings: Warranted Box wood
Note 1: the D scale from 4 to 40 is based on the Coggeshall design.
Note 2: The Girt line below the slide, is used in calculating the volume of timber
('girt' is a quarter of the circumference of a round log).
Note 3: The Gunter's scale is in the format defined by Coggeshall in the 1600's

Issac Aston, Maker



Issac Aston 4-Sided_Box Rule
REF
 Issac Aston 4-Sided_Box Rule
Made in UK by I. Aston Maker, 25 Old Compton Street, Soho, London c1860
Everard type made of boxwood
Side A: ? [ B ] D, on slide: { formula for cask volumes ]
Side B: SegST [ C ] SyS
Side C: A [ C ] D
Side D: Seg Ly [ B ] Sy, on slide: [ ?, Sp D, Variety]
Archive - Tom Dilatush Collection


Issac Aston Coggeshall
REF
 Issac Aston Coggeshall
Carpenter's slide rule by Isaac Aston, London (working 1851-70), made of boxwood and brass with steel end caps. Isaac Aston (25 Old Compton Street, Soho, London) was succeeded by Aston & Mander. A two foot two-fold rule.
Archive - Tom Dilatush Collection

Aston and Mander Makers

Aston & mander Makers, 25 Old Compton St., Soho, London



Aston & mander Makers - Harrow Mark Reducer
ISRM 13.03.27.01
Slide rule, Harrow Mark Reducer, single-sided, open frame, wood / brass, straps, made by Aston & Mander, Soho, England, 1875 through 1925

According to Christopher Tyerman: A History of Harrow School, Oxford University Press, 2000. p.312. this slide rule was invented, c.1875, by Rev. William Done Bushell (1838-1917) of the Harrow School, as a special purpose slide rule to assist in the adding up of the weighted marks for school examinations. Rev. William Done Bushell who for fifty years was an assistant master and Honorary chaplain at Harrow School, was also lord of the manor of Caldey Island, Pembrokeshire. His son was Warin Foster Bushell (1885-1974).

Dimensions: The stock is 24 inches long, 1-78 inches wide, and 3/16 inch thick. The slide is 36 inches long and 5/8 inches wide.
The scales are log scales of, on the stock, two cycles and, on the slide, three cycles allow the reduction of any number from 2 - 2000 by a fraction ranging from 1 - 10.
Read the November, 1901 review (to the left) of this slide rule in Th School World page 417.



Aston & mander Makers - Charles Hoare Steel Weight Slide Rule c1875
ISRM 21.09.18.01
Designed by Charles E. Houre. single-sided, open frame, wood / brass, straps, made by Aston & Mander, Soho, England, 1875 through 1925

Front Scale: WEIGHT, CWTS, Quarters [ 100ths, 20ths, 40ths, WIDTH, Feet Wide, Inches Area Inch THICK ] LENGTH, Inches,Feet long
Back scale: WEIGHT, CWTS, Quarters [ 100ths, 20ths, 40ths, WIDTH, Feet Wide, Inches Area ] LENGTH, Inches,Feet long



Aston & Mander Makers - Carter's Rivet Pitch Calculator
REF 		Aston And Mander Makers - Carter's Rivet Pitch Calculator
Made in UK, London
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle


Aston And Mander Makers- Dixon Style Slide Rule
REF 		Aston And Mander Makers - Dixon Style Slide Rule
Made in UK, 25 Compton ST, London
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle


Aston And Mander Makers - C. Hoare Slide Rule
REF 		Aston And Mander Makers - C. Hoare Slide Rule
Made in UK, 25 Compton ST, London
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle


Aston And Mander Makers - Ship Tonnage Calculator
REF 		Aston And Mander Makers - Ship Tonnage Calculator
Made in UK, for G.L. Watson Co.
Naval Architects and Surveyors
141 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle


Aston And Mander Makers - 1915 Artillery
REF 		Aston And Mander Makers - - 1915 Artillery
Made in UK, London
Front Scale: Yards [ Minutes of Angle or Battery Range ]
Back scale: Yards [ Minutes of Angle ]
Archive - Scan donated by Clay Castleberry, California.


Aston And Mander Makers - Timber & Brick Pricing Rule
REF 		Aston And Mander Makers - Timber and Brick Pricing Rule
Made in UK, 25 Compton ST, London
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle

T.C. Ballardie



T.C. Ballardie - Merchant Vessel Speed And Power Scale
REF 		T.C. Ballardie - Merchant Vessel Speed And Power Scale
Made in UK, by F. Robson &Co., 46 Dean Street, Newcastle on Tyne
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle

Buss Maker, 48 Hatton Garden, London



Buss Maker No.1 Ivory 2-Slide Proof Rule
ISRM 17.06.17.01 		Buss Maker No.1 Ivory 2-Slide Proof Rule (late 1800's)
Made in UK by Buss Maker 48 Hatton Garden, London, UK
Marked "Stuart Woodhouse Gauger No.1". Made of Ivory (or bone)
Note on scales: Because the four slides are interchangebale in the well on every side (no keys), over time, the slides have probably moved around from their original design position.
Gifted to ISRM by Phillip Rodley of Upperhut, New Zealand

Cook, Maker - Crown Court, Soho, Sonbon



Cook No.2078, 4-Sided Excise Box Rule, Soho
ISRM 14.05.25.01 		Cook No.2078, 4-Sided Excise Box Rule, Soho
Made in UK by Cook, Maker to the Hon Board of Excise - Late Wellington Crown Court, Soho, Sonbon, c1860
Everard type made of boxwood
Note on scales: Because the four slides are interchangebale in the well on every side (no keys), over time, the slides have probably moved around from their original design position.
Side 1: A [ C ] D, on back of slide: [ 12in(L), Sp D, Variety]
Side 2: SegST [ B ] SyS
Side 3: ? [ C ] D
Side 4: Seg Ly [ B ] Sy, Back of slide: Blank
Gifted to ISRM by Phillip Rodley of Upperhut, New Zealand

George Bousfield's "Vade Mecum Slide Rule"



Bousfields "Vade Mecum Slide Rule" (c1890)
ISRM 13.04.26.01		 Bousfields "Vade Mecum Slide Rule"
Designed Expressly for the timber Trade by George Bousfield (1856-1902) (Rawdon, Leeds), Grimsby. Patent 12806. Adaptable to the Stone, Brick, Irone, Slate, Glass, and other trades.
Made in England. Patented 9th August 1887. #12806
Note: "Vade Mecum" is latin for "Goes with me", in other words he was marketing a very portable calculator in the 1890's.
Front Scale: 2/16in scale || A [ B, 12-24in, C ] D || 0-12in
Back scale: E, F [ G, G, H(OPS)(PTS), I ] J, K
Gifted to ISRM by Phillip Rodley of Upperhut, New Zealand
The picture below shows George Bousfield in 1887 using his slide rule
Instructions (7.82MB PDF)

Dring & Fage Makers, London

John Dring and William Fage established their company at various addresses in London England, and flourished from 1790 - 1940. They were makers of mathematical, nautical, philosophical and excise instruments and produced a wide range of instruments that may be seen in many museums. In 1850 the company while retaining the name Dring & Fage was now run by Edward Hall and Edward Jenkin who were appointed Hydrometer and Saccharometer Makers to the Board of Inland Revenue.
Notes: Traded at 4 Albion Place (1790), 21 Gracechurch St. (1790-2), 6 Tooley St. (1792-6), 248 Tooley St. (1796-1804), 8 Crooked Lane (1801), 20 Tooley St. (1804-44), 109 Upper East Smithfield (1804), 10 Duke St., Tooley St. (1843-4), 19&20 Tooley St. (1845-82), 145 Strand (1883-1902) & 56 Stamford St. (1903-38), all London, England. Original partnership between John Dring & Willam Fage, Succeeded by Dring & Fage Ltd. (1940-1960s) info courtesy of collections on line N.M.S.I., UK

For an explantion on the math of proof rules, visit Mike Syphers page: Gauging and Excise Tax Slide Rules



Dring And Fage - 4 Foot Gauging "Head Rod" Slide Rule (1903-1938)
ISRM 15.02.23.01

Gifted by Phillip Rodley, Upperhutt New Zealand

 Dring And Fage - 4 Foot Gauging "Head Rod" Slide Rule (1903-1938)
Made by Dring & Fage Makers, 56 Stamford St., London,Sulley. Date based on address.
Note: Made of boxwood and bronze
Front Scale: A(10-100-1000) [ B(10-100-1000), C(10-100), D(10-100)
Back scale: 16-300 [ 14-65, 12-1 inch, 45-76 ] 45-1 inch
Read: Gauging: the art behind the slide rule by Tom Martin which describes The gauger's tools., A booklet produced by Joseph Long, the slide rule and instrument manufacturer, in 1895 - Description and Use of the Sliding Rule ... also directions for Cask and Malt Gauging etc- is contemporary with the photograph of dock gaugers (Fig. 2) and again, has a specific section 'The method of Gauging by Callipers, as Practiced at the Port of London, etc.' Long's booklet states - The instruments requisite for this purpose are -
1. A pair of callipers, for taking the length of the cask (A in photo).
2. A pair of cross callipers for taking the diameter at the bung, externally (B in photo).
3. A bung rod for taking the diameter internally (C in photo).
4. A head rod for taking the diameters of each head and computing the contents and ullages (D in photo).
Other elements in the photo include: E. Tin velincher or sample thief for sampling cask contents.
F. Sample jar, probably for taking liquid strength by hydrometer.
G. Wicker basket containing sealed samples for analysis or reference.
H. Chalked gauger's measurements on head of cask for calculating contents.
I. Cask bungs wrapped in hessian a) to give watertight seal, b) for ease of removal.


Dring And Fage - 2 Foot Customs Timber Rule (1862)
ISRM 20.09.18.02
Dring And Fage - 2 Foot Timber Rule (1862)
Made by Dring & Fage Makers, 56 Stamford St., London,Sulley. Date based on address.
Note: Made of boxwood and bronze
Front Scale: Inverted Scale CI(10-100-1000) [ C(10-100)] D(10-100)
Back: Blank
Obtained from IM2020, part of Bob Otnes Collection


Dring And Fage DF312 - 2 Foot Customs Excise Rule (Jan 5, 1862)
ISRM 15.06.25.01

Philip Rodley is an avid Collector and contributor of slide rules to ISRM. Phil used a slide rule for one year at high school before calculators came in. He then spent 18 years working as a telephone linesman and later 18 years assembling and testing 11,000 volt circuit breakers. In all those years he never needed to use a slide rule, but recently has begun enjoying relearning slide rules and logarithms. 		Dring And Fage DF312 - 2 Foot Customs Excise Rule (Jan 5, 1862)
Made by Dring & Fage Makers, 56 Stamford St., London,Sulley. Date based on address.
Note: Made of boxwood and bronze
Front Scale: A(10-100-1000) [ B(10-100-1000), C(10-100), D(10-100)
Back: Blank
Gifted by Phillip Rodley, Upperhutt, New Zealand


Dring And Fage - Excise Officers Rule (c1868)
ISRM 11.12.12.01

Note: This is one of the oldest physical slide rules at ISRM.
It was used for cask gauging with additional rods.

 Dring And Fage - Excise Officers Rule
Made in UK, Tooley Street, London - Made of Boxwood. 9-1/2" x 2" x 1/4" thick
Front Scale: A [ C, C ] SL, 2nd V, 1st V, A [ C, C ] MD (Malt Depth)
Back scale: D1 (1-3.2) [ B, B] D2 (3.2-10), H3 V, Y2 V A [ B, B ] SS. SL (Segment Lying), SS (Segment Standing), MD (Malt Depth).
Top edge Scale: L (1 in long divisions 0 - 9.5), Sphd (Speroid, Linear 0 - 6.5), Variety (Linear 1 - 6.1)
Bottom Edge Scale: log (1-10), log 1.6 - 16).
Note 1: Scale. D1 and D2 are the two halves of an 18 inch long log scale
Note 2: Gauge marks are identified by brass pins pressed into the wood stock
Note 3: MB (Malt Bushel) gauge mark at 2219 denotes a post-1824 rule.
Note 4: Embossed with the symbol of Inland Revenue, which occured after 1849
Note 5: It must be earlier than 1880 as it has the malt depth scale and they moved from Tooley street to The Strand in 1883.
Note 6: For another example see Ron Manley's collection.
Note: 7: For more information on Gauging see Ron Manley's web page on gauging.


Dring And Fage - Brewers Slide Rule
REF 		Dring And Fage - Brewers Slide Rule
Made in UK. Boxwood and Brass
Rule 1:
Front Scale: 5 scales [ B, A ] 5 scales
Back scale: Unkown
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle




Dring And Fage - Brewers Slide Rule Set
REF 		Dring And Fage - Brewers Proof Slide Rule Set (Ivory)
These rules would have come from a Sikes Hydrometer case and are a Proof rule and a Comparative rule. Made in UK. Ivory and tinned Brass
Rule 1:
Front Scale: C 260-70 [ 60-0-70 ] C 78-19
Back scale: A 2.5-9 [ 60-0-70 ] A 9-33
Rule 2:
Front Scale: Under proof 52-0-32 [ Indicaton 84-35, 46-0 ] Over proof 18-6.8, Scale of Temperature 80-30
Back scale: Under proof 10-8 [ Indicaton 100-92, 94.5-70 ] Under proof 8.6-28

F.C. Farmar 10 Glouster Terrace, Thorpe Bay, Essex, England



Farmar's Standard Spirit Gauging Rule c1902-1906
ISRM 21.01.09.01.X

8th Edition - 92 Page, PDF (8.75 Mb) 		Farmar's Standard Spirit Gauging Rule (15 inch)
Made in England - Serial Number 4302
Front Scale (Guaging & Stocking): A [ B, C ] D, E, F
Back scale (Reducing): Section 1, Section 2, G [ H, I ] J, K, KK
Edge: M 0-55 (0-11 inches) For measuring height of liquid in bottles and glasses.
Note: Scales and divisions all hand-stamped
Referenced in 8th edition guide book


Farmar's Standard Spirit Gauging Rule (Desk Size)
ISRM 19.10.26.01 (Note: tag is 19.10.27.01)

Featured in Volume 20 - Miscellany & Rare
Slide Rule Instructions Series on Amazon
15th EditionGuid book - 114 pages
 Farmar's Standard Spirit Gauging Rule (Desk Size)
Made in England - Serial Number 7572
Front Scale (Guaging & Stocking): AA, A [ B, C ] D, E, F
Back scale (Reducing):Section 1, Section 2, G [ H, I ] J, K, KK
Edges: Blank
Note: Scales and divisions all printed on laminant.
References 15th Edition Guide Book
Gift of Philip Rodley of Upperhutt, New Zealand

Farrow & Jackson

See Wickipedia for Farrow and Jackson company history.


Farrow & Jackson Proof Rule - c1885
ISRM 21.02.16.01.X
Farrow & Jackson Proof Rule - c1885
Made in England, Mfg by Farrow & Jackson, London, England
2-slide rule
Front Scale: A [ N ] S S [ ? ] S D
Back scale: D [ B ] E [ C ] F
Edge: D VAR, SFR

Froude



Froude's Slide Rule
REF
Froude's Slide Rule
Made in England, Mfg by Stanley Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, England
Front Scale: K [ K, C ] D
Back scale: A [ B, C ] D
Edges: Equations and Equivalents
Archive - Scan by Peter Fox, UK.

Gravet Lenoir



Gravet Lenoir
REF 		Gravet Lenoir - c1900
Made in France - 14 Rue Cassette, Paris
Front Scale
25cm // A [ B, B ] D || 25cm
Back Scale (Slide): [S, T, L ]
Well: 25-52cm
Archive - Clay Castleberry Collection

Hannyngton



Hannyngton (Astronomical) Slide_Rule
REF

John Caufield Hannyngton
(1807-1886) 		Hannyngton (Astronomical) Slide_Rule
Made in England, Mfg by Aston-Mander
Size: 32 inchesa x 7.5 inches x 3/4 inch
Archive - Scan by Rod Lovette, UK.
Designed by Major-General John Caufield Hannyngton and is used in astronomical computations. Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries. His best known and largest work is a Table of Haversines, Natural and Logarithmic, used in computing distances for the Nautical Almanac.

Hall & Hawkes, London

HALL & HAWKES   (1839 ~ 1842) were Hydrometer & Saccharom Makers , Opticians, Hydrometer Makers, Saccharometer Makers located on         10 Duke St. Tooley St. 


Hall & Hawkes (Ivory) Proof Spirit Slide_Rule
REF 		Hall & Hawkes (Ivory) Proof Slide Rule
Made in England for Brewers
Front Scale: C 150-40 [ 60-0-70 ] C 70-20
Back scale: A 4.5-18 [ 60-0-70 ] A 9.3-36
Archive - Ricardo Freyre Collection

James W. Jackson, M.E. Class of '35



J.W. Jackson's 1933 M.E. Class Project Homemade Sizing Slide Rule
ISRM 24.05.05.41 		J.W. Jackson's 1933 M.E. Class Project Homemade Sizing Slide Rule
Made in USA
Front Scale: Diameter of Pipe in inches [ f (Coefficient, h (Head of water in feet) ] [ L (Length in feet ] Q (Dischargein Cu.ft./sec)
Back scale: Instructions
Gift of Don Robinson, Friend of Jon Monsen Collection

Jackson Brothers, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK

Jackson Bros. was founded by Thomas Jackson in 1892. Jackson was an instructor in mechanical and civil engineering at Yorkshire College, which is now Leeds University. He was also the author of the short book, “Slide Rules And How to Use Them”. He remained the chairman of Jackson Bros. until his death in 1945 at the age of 82. Jackson Bros. were known mostly for drawing instruments and, to a lesser extent, slide rules. They made, or imported and put their name on, both boxwood slide rules with brass chisel cursors as designed in 1851 by Amedee Mannheim , and celluloid-faced slide rules with aluminum-framed celluloid cursors. References: Powerhouse Museum and Bob Otnes, The Oughtred Society.


Jackson Brothers (RR Track) Mannheim Slide Rule
REF 		Jackson Brothers (RR Track) Mannheim Slide Rule 1875-1899
Made in France with chisel cursor designed in 1851 by Amedee Mannheim
Front Scale: 10in // A [ B, C ] D
Back scale: Unknown
Archive - Powrhouse Museum Collection, Australia


Jackson Brothers Limited Mannheim Slide Rule
ISRM 24.07.04.68
 Jackson Brothers Limited Mannheim Slide Rule 1880
Made in France with chisel cursor designed in 1851 by Amedee Mannheim
Note: "Jackson Brothers Limited Armely Leeds" on back
Front Scale: A [ B, C ] D
Back scale: Blank
Gift of Tom Dilatush Collection


Jackson Brothers "Engine Divided" Mannheim Slide Rule
ISRM 24.07.04.02 		Jackson Brothers "Engine Divided" Mannheim Slide Rule 1892 to 1910
Made in France with chisel cursor designed in 1851 by Amedee Mannheim
Front Scale: A [ B, C ] D
Back scale: Blank
Gift of Tom Dilatush Collection

Loftus



Loftus - Brewers Slide Rule
REF 		Loftus - Brewers Slide Rule
Made in UK, London
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle

C. Mander



C. Mander Sliding Gauge Rule
REF 		C. Mander Sliding Gauge Rule
Made in UK, London
Front Scale: TBD
Back scale: TBD
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle

Palmer, Aaron

An early early version of the first circular slide rule published in America (first issued in 1843). Palmer and the engraver George Smith began working on their design for an "endless computing scale" in early 1841. It was copyrighted in Boston in late 1843, and versions of the device continued to be produced until at least 1852. Palmer's slide rule enjoyed only a limited success, largely because of poor marketing and the American public's fear that use of the device "[would] tend to weaken the mind, by causing it to rely upon mere mechanism to make its numbered computations" (Fuller, Key to Fuller's Computing Telegraph [1846], quoted in Feazel 1994, 15). Palmer also published A key to the endless self-computing scale, showing its application to the different rules of arithmetic (Rochester: P.S. Stoddard, 1842). Ref:Origins of Cyberspace 353. Note: The early version of this rule was "patented" in 1843. According to Cajori (History of the Logarithmic Slide rule) the copyright was transferred to Fuller in1846 who introduced a version with a different scale arrangement by the addition of non-logarithmic circles for determining the number of days between given dates. Fuller called this new part a Time Telegraph and the modified instrument as a whole a Computing Telegraph. While carpenter's rules for calculation were made in U.S.A. before the date of this rule, this remains one of the earliest slide rules produced in the united States.
Read Palmer's Computing Scale - Revisited by Bobby Feazel, OS Journal V4.1


Palmers Computing Scale - 11 Inch Square
REF 		Palmers Computing Scale - 11 Inch Square
Made in Boston, United States - circa 1835
Front Scales: Palmers Computing Scale
Back: Instructions
Notes: Made of cardboard, 8-1/2 inch diameter circular scale, on an 11 inch square base. Engraved by George G. Smith, 186 Washington, Boston, Massachusettes.
Archive - Photo from 2009 Philip Weiss Auction


Palmer's Computing Scale and Fuller's Time Telegraph Version 1
REF 		Fuller's Time Telegraph And Palmer's Computing Scale Version 1
Made in Boston, United States - c1845
Front Scales: Palmer's Computing Scale
Back Scales: Fuller's Time Telegraph
Notes: Made of cardboard, 8-1/2 inch diameter circular scale, on an 11 inch square base. This version had a leather rim around it. Engraved by George G. Smith, 186 Washington, Boston, Massachusettes.
Archive Clay Castelberry Collection Collection


Palmer's Computing Scale and Fuller's Time Telegraph Version 2
ISRM 24.07.04.39.X
Larger image - Front
Larger image - Back

Fuller's Time Telegraph And Palmer's Computing Scale Version 2
Made in Boston, United States - c1845
Front Scales: Palmer's Computing Scale
Back Scales: Fuller's Time Telegraph
Notes: Made of cardboard, 8-1/2 inch diameter circular scale, on an 11 inch square base. This version has no leather trim and different printed scrolling. Engraved by George G. Smith, 186 Washington, Boston, Massachusettes.
Tom Dilatush Collection


Palmers Pocket (endless) Scale
REF 		Palmers Pocket (endless) Scale
Made in Boston, United States - 1845
Front Scales: Palmers Computing Scale
Notes: Made of cardboard, 80mm diameter. 143 x 91 mm. Engraved volvelle on heavy card mounted on rear pastedown of book "Palmer's Pocket Scale with Rules for its use in Solving Arithmetical and Geometrical Problems", Rochester, NY. Published by Aaron Palmer, Canfield and Warren Printers, 1845. Engraved by George G. Smith, 186 Washington, Boston, Massachusettes.
Archive - Photos by Clay Castleberry, California

John Rabone & Sons



Rabone Joint (Carpenter's) Rule 		Rabone Joint (Carpenter's) Rule
Made by John Rabone & Sons, Birmingham, England. Late 19th century
It is a 2 foot, 2 fold example.The scales are few - only the 2-foot linear rule on the back and Coggeshall scales on the front: Three two-cycle logarithmic scales running from 1 to 100 above and on the slide, and a 4 - 40 "Girt line" below the slide, for calculating the volume of timber.
Archive - Image donated by Nathan Zeldes

W. Ransley



REF W. Ransley Slide Rule
REF
W. Ransley Slide Rule
Made by W. Ransley Maker, Stangate, London, England circa 19th century
It is a 2 foot, 3 fold example.The scales are few - only the 2-foot linear rule on the back and Coggeshall scales on the front: Three two-cycle logarithmic scales running from 1 to 100 above and on the slide, and a 4 - 40 "Girt line" below the slide, for calculating the volume of timber.
Archive - Image donated by Nathan Zeldes

Edward Roberts, Makers

Edward Roberts was a British maker that produced gauger's rules from 1749-84 and his son Edward Roberts, Jr. continued the practice from 1788-96. Both father and son worked out of Dove Court, Old Jewry, London.


Edward Roberts - Everard Type Gaugers 4-sided Rule
ISRM 13.02.20.11.X 		Edward Roberts - Everard Type Gaugers Rule
Made in UK, London - c1749-1784
Scales: Wine and Ale Gallon Marks
Notes: The rare Roberts, London - Everard 4-sided type rule, with additional scales and tables on the back of each slide, has wine and ale gallon marks so is certainly pre 1824 and most likely second half eighteenth century as Roberts would either have been Edward Roberts (1) working 1749-84 or his son Edward Roberts, Jr. (2) working 1788-96, both at Dove Court, Old Jewry, London. In this artifact, there is no 'Jr. after the name, so it assumed it was made by the father. Ref. G C Clifton's Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers p234. (per David M. Riches)


Roberts - Everard Type Gaugers Rule
REF 		Roberts - Everard Type Gaugers Rule
Made in UK, London - Pre 1824
Scales: Wine and Ale Gallon Marks
Notes: The rather nice Roberts, London - Everard type rule has wine and ale gallon marks so is certainly pre 1824 and most likely second half eighteenth century as Roberts would either have been Edward Roberts (1) working 1749-84 or his son Edward Roberts (2) working 1788-96, both at Dove Court, Old Jewry, London. Ref. G C Clifton's Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers p234. (per David M. Riches)
Archive - UK Slide Rule Circle

Sanders & Sons, 228 High Holburn, London

Sanders & Son was listed in an 1885 Directory of Chemists as a Hygrometer Maker. Dring & Fage was also a few listings above. When this gauging proof rule was made, Sanders had another son, i.e. Sanders & Sons, so the date would probably be around 1890. This is a one-o-a-kind specimen.


Sanders & Sons Makers Proof Slide Rule (c1890)
ISRM 22.05.05.01.X Sanders & Sons Makers Proof Slide Rule
Note Brass capped basswood duplex,21cm (9-inch) long, 3.5cm (1-1/2-inch) wide, 5mm (0.19-inch) thick.
Front scales: C 300-60 [ 70-10 Proof 10-70 ] C 100-20
Back Scales: A 6-30 [ 70-10 Proof 10-70 ] B 1-8


Sanders & Sons Makers Proof Slide Rule (c1890)
REF Sanders & Sons Makers Proof Slide Rule (c1890)
Note Brass capped basswood two-slide duplex
Front scales: TBD
Back Scales: TBD
Archive - eBay photo from 2018 listing.

Tavenier - Gravet (Moved to the FRANCE Galery)

J. Thomlinson Ltd.


Thomlinson's Equivalent Paper Slide Rule (Version 1)
REF 		Thomlinson's Equivalent Paper Slide Rule
Made in UK, J. Thomlinson Ltd. Publishers, Partick, Glasgow
Scales: 23in, A(Length) [ B(Breadth), Index ] C(area)[ D(Weight)] E(Standard Bulk Paper sizes L x W), Conversions
Archive - Scan donated by Peter Fox, UK

Thomlinson's Equivalent Paper Slide Rule (Version 2)
REF 		Thomlinson's Equivalent Paper Slide Rule
Made in UK, J. Thomlinson Ltd. Publishers, Stanley Works, Partick, N.B.
Scales: A(Length) [ B(Breadth), Index ] C(area)[ D(Weight)] E(Standard Bulk Paper sizes L x W)
Note: Scales arranged by John Rennie
Archive - Scan donated by Peter Fox, UK

Forrest M. Towl Designer, Kirby & Bros.(Makers), New York

Forrest Milton Towl - (1864-1946) Forrest M. Towl (fl.1886-1934) graduated from Cornell University in 1886 and in 1911 was a consulting engineer for the Standard Oil Company (later to be called Exxon and Esso). In 1909 he was a member of the Shelter Island Yacht Club, New York, one of the oldest in America. He was Director of the Cumberland Pipe Line Company (1917), President of the Southern Pipe Line Company (1921) and was still writing on oil industry matters in 1934. Designed and copyrighted (1889 & 1910) a Pipe Line Flow slide rule which was used in calculations involving the pumping of natural gas and oil. A 1910 version was used in the transportation of Air and Gas. At this period, oil was mainly used for lighting, since the motorcar, which was invented in 1885 by Karl Benz (1844-1929), was not commercially available until 1888. See the Forrest Milton Towl biography page and his entry in the ISRM Who's Who Gallery.



Forrest M. Towl Oil Pipe line Flow 42 Inch Slide Rule (c1889)
ISRM 15.05.13.03
Forrest M. Towl Pipe line Flow 42" Slide Rule
Designed Expressly for the Oil Pipeline industry by Forrest M. Towl, C.E. Copyright 1889 Made in U.S.A. by Kirby Bros., N.Y.
Front Scale: Capacity barrels(Gallons)per Day (24 Hours)hr [ Length in Miles, Dia of Pipe (Inches), Coefficient of Friction ] Pressure and Head
Back:Blank
Original Owner: Forrest Milton Towl, designer of the slide rule. This was 3 of 3 belonging to the Towl family.
Gift of Theodore Towl of Pentwater, Michigan, grandson of Forrest M. Towl.

Manual by Forrest M. Towl Special Slide Rule For Natural Gas and Air Computations



Forrest M. Towl Oil Pipe line Flow 16 Inch Slide Rule (c1889)
ISRM 15.05.13.01 		Forrest M. Towl Oil Pipe line Flow 16" Slide Rule
Designed Expressly for the Oil Pipeline industry by Forrest M. Towl, C.E. Copyright 1889 Made in U.S.A. by Kirby Bros., N.Y.
Front Scale: Capacity barrels(Gallons)per Day (24 Hours)hr [ Length in Miles, Dia of Pipe (Inches), Coefficient of Friction ] Pressure and Head
Back:Blank
Original Owner: Forrest Milton Towl, designer of the slide rule. This was 1 of 3 belonging to the Towl family.
Gift of Theodore Towl of Pentwater, Michigan, grandson of Forrest M. Towl.


Forrest M. Towl Natural Gas and Oil Pipe line Flow 16 Inch Slide Rule (c1889)
ISRM 15.05.13.02 		Forrest M. Towl Natural Gas and Pipe Line Flow 16" Slide Rule
Designed Expressly for the Oil Pipeline industry by Forrest M. Towl, C.E. Copyright 1889 Made in U.S.A. by Kirby Bros., N.Y.
Front Scale: Capacity barrels(Gallons)per Day (24 Hours)hr [ Length in Miles, Dia of Pipe (Inches), Coefficient of Friction ] Pressure and Head
Back:Blank
Original Owner: Forrest Milton Towl, designer of the slide rule. This was 2 of 3 belonging to the Towl family.
Gift of Theodore Towl of Pentwater, Michigan, grandson of Forrest M. Towl.


Forrest M. Towl Air and Gas Pipe Line Flow Slide Rule (c1910)
REF

Left: Mineral Industry, 1920, Page 472
Right: Handbook of Petroleum Industry, 1922, page 403
 Forrest M. Towl Air and Gas Pipe Line Flow Slide Rule
Designed Expressly for the Oil Pipeline industry by Forrest M. Towl, C.E. 1910 Made in U.S.A.
Front Scale: Capacity/hr [ AIE, SAE, Dia of Pipe (Inches), Length(Miles), Cd, Sum of Delivery Pressures ] Difference of Delivery Pressures
Back scale: [ Length of Stroke, Explosions/min, H.P., Ratio of Compression ]

Archive - Scan by Rick Mandrell,
Rick's father Thomas C. Mandrell (1919-2002) used and collected these slide rules while working for Dow Chemical Co's pipeline department.

Note: The F.M. Towl slide rule design and layout was used as the basis for the Dow Chemical Model 1060 Slide Rules made by Pickett. This is one that was in Thomas mandrell's collection.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SLIDE RULE (1620-1909) from
HISTORY OF THE LOGARITHMIC SLIDE RULE
by FLORIAN CAJORI
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, COLORADO COLLEGE,
Colorado Springs, Col. 1909


1620 - Canon Triangulorum. Gunter (London)
1624 - Description and Use of the Sector, Cross-Staff and Other Instruments. Gunter (London)
1624 - L.usage de la règle de proportion en l.arithmétique et géométrie. Edmund Wingate (Paris)
1624 - Construction, description et usage de la règle de proportion. E. Wingate (Paris)
1626 - The Use of the Rule of Proportion. E. Wingate (London). Other editions, 1628, 1645, 1658, 1683
1626 - Arithmétique logarithmique. E. Wingate
1626 - Logocanon ou règle proportionnelle Henrion (Paris)
1630 - Of Natural and Artificial Arithmetic. E Wingate (London)
1632 - The Circles of Proportion and the Horizontal Instrument. William Forster. (London)
1633 - The Circles of Proportion and the Horizontal Instrument with an Addition, etc., and an Appendix; The Declaration of the Two Rulers for Calculation
1672 - The Description and Use of an Instrument called the Double Scale of Proportion. Seth Partridge (Written in 1657)
1677 - Timber Measure by a Line of More Ease, Dispatch and Exactness than any other way now in use, by a Double Scale. Henry Coggeshall (London)
1682 - A Treatise of Measuring by a Two-foot Rule, which slides to a Foot. Henry Coggeshall (London). (A Second edition of his 1677 book)
1690 - Cursus Mathematicus. Leybourn
1696 - Descriptio instrumenti Mathematici universalis, quo mediante omnes proportiones sine circino at que calculo methodo facillima inveniuntur. Biler.
1699 - Pes mechanicus artificialis d. i. neu erfundener Maassstab, mi welchem alle Proportionen der ganzen Mathematik ohne mühsames Rechnen u. s. w. können gefunden werden. Michael Scheffelt (Ulm)
17xx - Arithmétique linéaire. Pouchet
17xx - Elémens du Pilotage. Pezenas
17xx - Encyclopédia méthodique (mathématiques). Johann Bernoulli III (1744 - 1807)
17xx - Encyclopédia Méthodique (marine), Article .Echelle anglaise. Lalande
17xx - Excise and Malt-Examiners. Assistant, Useful also for Supervisors and Officers. J. Vero (London)
17xx - Mathematical Companion. Hunt
17xx - Pratique du Pilotage. Pezenas
1707 - The Young Mathematician.s Guide . . , with an Appendix on Practical Gauging. John Ward (London)
1716 - Lexicon Technicum. Harris
1722 - The Art of Practical Measuring easily performed by a Two-foot Rule which slides to a Foot. Henry Coggeshall. (A third edition of his 1677 book; a fourth edition, revised by John Ham, was brought out in 1729, and a seventh edition in 1767)
1723 - Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments. M. Bion (Translated by E. Stone)
1726, 1743 - New Mathematical Dictionary. E. Stone (London)
1727 - Histoire de l.académie royale des sciences. Jean Baptiste Clairaut
1727 - Theatrum Arithmetico-Geometricum. Jacob Leupold (Leipzig)
1733 - The Description and Use of an Universal and Perpetual Mathematical Instrument. Benjamin Scott (London)
1740 - Lives of the Professors of Gresham College. Ward
1740 - Theory and Practice of Gauging. Robert Shirtcliffc (London)
1744 - Mémoires de l.académie royale des sciences de l.année, 1741 (Paris)
1753 - Dictionnaire universel de mathematique et de physique. Tome I, Saverien
1755 - Royal Gauger. C. Leadbetter
1755 - The Royal Gauger. Leadbetter. 4th Ed. (London)
1761 - Beschreikung und Gebrauch der Logarithmischen Rechenstäbe. Johann H. Lambert (Augsburg). New edition published in 1772
1766 - Abridge du Pilotage. Lemonnier (Paris)
1768 - Nouveaux essays pour determiner les longitudes en mer par les movements de la lune et par une seule observatione. Pezenas (Paris)
1768 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no name). Flower (London)
1775 - Treatise on Mathematical Instruments. John Robertson
1778 - Atlas céleste de Flamsteed, translated by Fortin
1777 - Lambert.s Briefwechsel, Vol. IV., p. 379
1778 - A Description of the Lines drawn on Gunter.s Scale, as improved by Mr. John Robertson. William Mountaine (London)
1782 - Isaaci Newtoni Opera, Tom. IV. Edit. S. Horsley (London)
1787 - Philosophical Transactions. William Nicholson (London). Pt. II, pp. 246 - 252
1788 - Arithmetic. Nicholas Pike
1792 - A Complete Treatise on Practical Mathematics. John Macgregor (Edinburgh)
1794 - Arithmetic. George Fisher (Mrs. Slack) (London)
1797 - Nicholson.s Journal, Vol. I., p. 375
1798 - De la résolution des equations numériques de tous les degrés Lagrange (Paris)
1799 - Cadrans logarithmiques adaptés aux poids et mésures. A. S. Leblond (Paris)
1799 - Instructions sur l.Usage des Cadrans logarithmiques. François Gattey (Paris)
18xx - Dictionary of Authors. Art.Wingate, Edmund. S
18xx - Dictionary of National Biography. Sidney Lee
18xx - Dingler.s .Polytechnic Journal. (Berlin) .Many references
18xx - Dyck.s .Katalog Nachtrag.
18xx - English Cyclopaedia (Arts and Sciences)
18xx - Instructions for the use of A. W. Faber.s Improved Calculating Rule. C. N. Pickworth 72
18xx - Mem. dell. Accad. d. Scie. di Torino, T. XXV, Serie II
18xx - ; Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary. Hutton
18xx - Philosophical Magazine,. Vol. 45, p. 387 (London)
18xx - Theorie du logarithmischen Rechenschieber. Franz Ruth
1800 - Dizionario enciclopedico delle matematische delli signori. Art.Logaritmiche. (Padova)
1802 - Mechanics. Magazine,. Vol. 5 (London)
1802 - Navigator. Bowditch
1802 - Nicholson.s Journal, Vol. 1, p. 452
1803 - De Ingenieur
1805 - Schoolmaster.s Assistant,. by Thos. Dilworth, brought out in Philadelphia by Robert Patterson
1808 - Mathematisches Wörterbuch, I. Abtheilung, 3. Theil (Leipzig)
1810 - Explication et usage de l.arithmographe. Gattey (Paris)
1811 - Mathematical Tables. Hutton
1813 - Complete Measurer. Hawney (1st Edit. London, 1717) (Baltimore)
1813 - Complete Measurer. Hawney (Baltimore) . (The first edition of this book appeared in London in 1717)
1814 - Dictionary of Pure and Mixed Mathematics. Peter Barlow (London)
1815 - Mathematical Dictionary. Charles Hutton
1815 - Journal des Mines,. Vol. 37, p. 101
1815 - Philosophical Transactions,. Part I (London)
1817 - Nicholson.s Journal,. Vol. 49, p. 187
1817 - Philosophical Magazine,. Vol. 49, p. 187 (London)
1820 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.title not given) . Collardean (Paris)
1823 - Dictionary of Mathematical and Physical Sciences. James Mitchell (London)
1823 - Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and Arts, Vol. XVI, p. 357 (London)
1827 - Treatise on the Steam Engine. John Farey (London)
1827 - (Treatise on Slide-Rule.no title given). J. F. Artur (2e éd., 1845) (London)
1829 - Gill.s Technological Repository, Vol. IV, p. 33 (London)
1831 - Mechanics. Magazine. (London)
1832 - Brewster.s Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1st Am. Ed. (Philadelphia)
1837 - Instruction sur la manière de se servir de la règle à calcul. Mouzin. 3e éd. (Paris)
1837 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). 35 éd. Ph. Mouzin (Paris)
1840 - Annales des Ponts et Chaussées.
1840 - Mechanics. Magazine,. Vol. 32, pp. 101, 102 (London)
1841 - Mathematical Dictionary. Montferrier
1841 - Mechanics. Magazine
1842 - Penny Cyclopaedia. (Article on .Slide Rule. by De Morgan)
1843 - Anweisung zum Gebrauche des englischen Rechenschiebers. L. C. Schulz von Strasnitzki (Wien)
1844 - On Coggeshall.s Sliding Rule (London)
1845 - Palmer.s Pocket Scale, with Rules for its use in solving Arithmetical and Geometrical Problems (Boston)
1845 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Aug. Hadéry (Paris)
1845 - On Bradford.s Sliding Rule (London)
1846 - Improvement to Palmer.s Endless Self-Computing Scale and Key; . . John G. Fuller (New York)
1847 - Arithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the Present Time. De Morgan (London)
1850 - La Tachéométrie. J. Parro (Turin)
1851 - A Treatise on Slide Rule. L. Lalanne (London)
1851 - Instruction sur les règles à calcul. Lalanne
1851 - Règle à calculs modifieé. Mannheim (Metz)
1851 - Auleitung z. Gebrauche einiger logarith. getheilter Rechenschieber (Wien)
1852 - Gebrauchs-Anweisung fur Rechenstäbe (Paris)
1852 - Instruction sobre das reglas de calculo. (Paris)
1853 - Règle à Calcul expliquée. M. P. M. N. Benoit (Paris)
1853 - Bulletin de la sociéte d.encouragement pour l.industrie nationale
1853 - (Treatise on Slide Rule-no title given). P. M. N. Benoit (Paris)
1853 - Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques, 1ére série, Tome XII, pp. 113 - 116
1854 - Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques, Tome XIII,p.36
1854 - Mittheilungen des Gewerbevereins f. d. Königreich Hannover, p. 169
1856 - Ueber Visir- und Recheninstrumente. Ernest Sedlaczek (Wein)
1856 - Mechanics. and Engineers. Book of Reference and Engineers. Field Book. Charles Haslett and Chas. W. Hackley (New York)
1857 - Par. Comptes rendus de 1. Acad. d. Sci. 44, p. 22 -
1859 - Teorica e practica del regolo calcolatore Quentino Sella (Torino)
1860 - Encyclopaedia Britannica. (Eighth Ed.)
1860 - Atti dell. Imp. Reg. Istituto veneto di scienze (Venice)
1861 - Handbook of the Slide Rule. W. H. Bayley (London)
1863 - Bull. de la sociéte d.encouragement pour l.industrie nationale (Paris)
1864 - Zeitschr. des Architecten- u. Ingenieur-Vereins f. d. Königp. Hannover, Vol. 10, p. 454
1865 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Fr. René (Paris)
1866 - Report British Assn. (London)
1867 - Giornale di Matem. del Prof. Battaglini (Naples).
1868 - Appleton.s Dictionary of . . Engineering, Vol. I (New York)
1868 - Instruments et machines calculer (Paris)
1869 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given. Translation of Q. Sella.s book.1859). Montefiore Lévi (Paris)
1871 - Drawing and Measuring Instruments. J. F. Heather (London)
1871 - Torino Aec. Sci. Memorie
1872 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Labosne (Paris)
1872 - Der Topographische Distanzmesser mit Rechenschieber. J. Stambach (Aaran)
1872 - Auleitung zum Gebrauche des Rechenkreises. R. Weber
1872 - Auleitung zum Gebrauch der Rechenscheibe. F. M. Clouth (Hamburg)
1874 - Annales du Gènie Civil. (Paris)
1874 - Deutsche Bauzeitung,. Bd. 8, p. 136
1874 - A Treatise on Mathematical Instruments J. F. Heather (London)
1875 - Die Grahpische Statik. (Zurich)
1875 - Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Claudel(Paris)
1875 - Proceed. London Math. Soc., Vol.6, p. 113 (London)
1876 - Notice sur les travaux et titres scientifiques. M. Léon Lelanne
1877 - Geschichte der Astronomie. R. Wolfe (München)
1877 - Catalogue of Instruments manufactured by W. F. Stanley (London)
1877 - Das . Stereometer, Körper-Messinstrument (Budapest)
1877 - Notes pratiques pour études de tracés. I. Moinot (Paris)
1877 - Zeitschr. des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure
1878 - Méthodes graphiques pour l.expression des lois empiriques, etc
1878 - Veneto Istituto Atti. A. Favaro. Numerous references
1878 - La Nature. (Paris)
1878 - Spiral Slide Rule. George Fuller (London)
1879 - Statique Graphique. Favaro-Terrier. (Paris)
1880 - Proc. Engineers. Society of Western Penna
1881 - Knight.s American Mechanical Dictionary, Vol. II
1881 - The Slide Rule Simplified. Robert Riddell (Phildelphia)
1881 - Zeitschr f. Vermessungsw.
1881 - Dingler.s .Polytechnisches Journal. (Augsburg)
1883 - (Booklet on Slide Rule.no title given). Prof. Cherepashinskii (Moscow)
1885 - Leçons de statique graphique, 2ième partie, calcul graphique. A. Favaro, Translated into French by P. Terrier (Paris)
1885 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). F. Guy, 3e éd. (Paris)
1885 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Gros de Perrodil (Paris)
1885 - Van Nostrand.s .Engineering Magazine.
1886 - Regolo Calcolatore. Quintino Sella. 2 ed. Ital. (Torino)
1886 - Dingler.s .Polytechnisches Journal.
1886 - Gewerbeblatt aus Würtemberg
1886-7 - Transactions of Am. Soc. M. E., Vol. VIII, pp. 707 - 709
1888 - Centralblatt Bauverwaltung.
1888 - Railroad Gazette. (New York)72
1889 - A New and General Biographical Dictionary. Art. by Oughtred, quoted in .Nature,. Vol. 40, p. 458
1889 - Portefeuille des Conducteure des Ponts et Chaussées (Paris)
1889-90 - Techaiker,. Vol. 12, p. 34
1890 - The Slide Rule and How to Use it. Charles Hoare (London)
1890 - Instruction pour la determination de la distance et de la différence d.altitude d.un objet à un point de Station. J. Stambach (Aarau)
1890 - Dingler.s .Polytechnisches Journal.
1891 - Zeitschr. f. Vermessungsw.
1891 - Engineering News. 81
1891 - The Mannheim Slide Rule. W. M. Cox (New York)
1891 - Explanation of the Principle and Operation of the Mannheim Slide Rule. C. W. Crockett (Troy, N.Y.)
1892 - International Cyclopædia. (New York) iv
1892 - Engineering and Mining Journal. (NewYork), Vol. 54, p. 130
1892-4 - Zeitschr. fur Vermessungsw.
1893 - Scherer.s Logarithmischgraphische Rechentafel (Kassel)
1894 - Schweizer. Bauzeitung,. Vol. 23
1894 - Engineering News,. Vol. 32, p. 103
1894 - Der Praktische Maschinen-Constructeur, Vol. 27,p.8
1894 - Engineering Record,. Vol. 30, p. 31
1895 - Nature. (London)
1896 - Engineering,. Aug. 7p 172 (London)
1896 - Engin. Ass.n of the South, Vol. 7 (Nashville, Tenn.) pp. 92-99
1897 - Handbuch der Vermessungskunde. W. Jordan, Bd. II, p. 134 (Stuttgart)
1897 - Engineering News,. Vol. 38, p. 291
1897 - Mechaniker,. Vol. 5
1898 - Règle à calcul, modèle spécial. A. Beghin (2e éd., 1902, Paris)
1898 - Yale Scientific Review,. Vol. 5, p. 47
1898 - Logarithmicon. E. Nash, p. 43 (Dublin)
1898-1904 - Encyklopädie d. Math. Wiss, (Leipzig)
1899 - Zur Theorie des Rechenschiebers. (Berlin)
1899 - Traité de Momographie. M. d.Ocagne (Paris), p. 361
1899 - Zeitschr. f. Vermessungsw.,. Vol. 28, p. 660
1899 - The Use of the Slide Rule. F. A. Halsey, p. 74 (New York)
19xx - Instructions for the Use of A. W. Faber.s Improved Calculating Rule. C. N. Pickworth (London)
19xx - Instructions for the Calculating Slide Rule. Albert Nestler, p. 63 (Lahr, Baden)
19xx - Slide Rule Instructor for Instruction on Chad-wick.s Improved Slide Rule. John Chadwick (London)
19xx - . Some Quick and Easy Methods of Calculating. R. G. Blame (London).
19xx - The Runnerless Slide Rule. F. F. Nickel
19xx - Treatise on a Box of Instruments. T. Kentish (Philadelphia).
19xx - Engineers. Slide Rule. W. Tonkes (New York) .
1900 - Zeitschr. f. Vermessungsw.,. Vol. 29, p. 233
1900 - Zeitschr. f. Instrumentenkunde,. Vol. 20, p. 336
1900 - Comptes rendus,. Vol. 131, p. 1289
1900 - Engineering News,. Vol. 43, p. 232
1901 - Le Système Métriques des Poids et Mesures. G. Bigourdan (Paris)
1901 - Oesterreich. Woch. ensch. f. d. offentl. Baudienst, Vol. 7, p. 72
1901 - American Machinist,. Vol. 24, p. 339 (New York)
1901 - Journal de Physique,. Sept
1901 - Nature,. Vol. 64, p. 523
1901 - Rechentafel System Proell (Berlin)
1901 - Slide Rule Notes. Lt.-Col. H. C. Dunlop, R.F.A. and C. S. Jackson, M. A. (London)
1901-1903 - Engineering News. (New York)
1902 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Leclair (Paris) 58
1902 - Journal de l.Ecole Polytechnique. IIe sérié, septième cahier (Paris, p. 223)
1902 - The Slide Rule. E. M. Scofield (Chicago)
1902 - American Machinist,. Vol. 25, p. 1515
1902 - Rechenblätter. (Berlin)
1902 - Technological Quarterly,. Vol. XV, pp. 250-259 (Boston)
1902 - Nature,. Vol. 67, p. 141
1902 - Verhandl. d. Vereins z. Beförderung d. Gewerbefleisses. (Berlin), Vol. 21, p. 48
1903 - (Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Jully (Paris)
1903 - Treatise on Slide Rule.no title given). Dryssé (Paris)
1903 - Règle à calcul Mannheim (Paris)
1903 - Zeitschr. f. Mathematik. u. Physik. Vol. 48, p. 134
1903 - De Ingenierer,. Vol. 18, p. 94
1903 - Engineering Record. (New York)
1903 - Calculating Scale; a Substitute for the Slide Rule. W. Knowles (New York)
1903 - Some Quick and Easy Methods of Calculating. R. G. Blame (London)
1903 - Thacher.s Patent Calculating Instrument. Edwin Thacher (New York)
1904 - Engineer,. April 7, p. 346 (London)
1904 - Mathematical Gazette,. Vol. II, p. 337 (London)
1904 - American Machinist,. Vol. 27, Pt. II, p. 1376 (New York)
1904 - Nature,. Vol. 69, p. 485
1904 - American Machinist. (New York)
1904 - Comptes rendus,. Vol. 138, pp. 1266 - 1268 (Paris)
1904 - Slide Rule. E. M. Scofield (New York).
1905 - Calcul simplifié. Maurice d.Ocagne, 2e éd. (Paris)
1905 - Engineering News.
1905 - Mannheim and Multiplex Slide Rules. L. W. Rosenthal (Chicago)
1905 - Schweizerische Bauzeit,. Vol. 45 (Zurich)
1905 - Zeitschr. f. Instrumentenkunde,. Vol. 25, p. 385 (Berlin)
1905 - Engineering News,. Vol. 54, p. 487
1906 - American Machinist,. Vol. 29, Pt. II, p. 256 (New York)
1906 - The Slide Rule: a Practical Manual. C. N. Pickworth (London)
1906 - Catalogue of Keuffel & Esser Co. (New York)
1906 - Drawing Instruments. W. H. Harling (London)
1906 - Mathematical Drawing and Surveying Instruments. W. H. Harling (London)
1906 - American Machinist.
1906 - Electric Journal,. Vol. 3, pp. 116 - 118 (Pittsburg, Pa.)
1907 - Règle à calculs. P. Rozé, pp. 2, 3, 29 - 58 (Paris)
1907 - Theorie et usage de la règle à calculs. P. Rozé (Paris)
1907 - Electrical World,. Vol. 50, p. 402 (New York)
1907 - American Machinist,. Vol. 30, Pt. II, p. 76
1907 - Slide Rule Manual. John L. Hall (New York)
1907 - Catalogue of Drawing Materials. Kolesch & Co. (New York)
1907 - Complete Mechanical Slide Rule and How to Use it. F. T. Hodgson (New York) .
1908 - Der logarithmische Rechenschieber. E. Hammer. 4te Aufl. (Stuttgart)
1908 - Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo, Tomo 26, pp. 1 - 63
1908 - Der logarithmische Rechenschieber. E. Hammer (Stuttgart)
1908 - Zeitschr. f. Mathem. u. Naturwissensch. (Unterricht)
1908 - Nature,. Vol. 77, p. 500
1908 - American Architect,. Feb. 12
1908 - American Machinist,. Vol. 31, p. 613
1908 - Engineering Record,. Vol. 58
1908 - How to Use Slide Rules. D. Petrie Palmedo (New York) .
1908 - Mannheim and Multiplex Slide Rules. LW. Rosenthal (New York) .
1908 - Slide Rule Calculator.
1909 - Catalogue of Keuffel & Esser Co. (New York)
1909 - Colorado College Publication,. Vol. I, No. 6
1909 - Electrical Review and Western Electrician,. Vol. 54, p. 399
1909 - Elektrotechnischer Anzeiger.
1909 - Engineering News,. Vol. 61, p. 266
1909 - Ein Rechenschieber mit Teilung in gleiche Intervalle auf der Grundlaged er zahlentheoretischen Indizes. Fur den Unterricht Konstruiert (München)
1909 - Zeitschr. f. Math. u. Naturwiss. Unterricht, Vol. 40, p. 59
1909 - History of the Slide Rule. F. Cajori (New York)
1909 - Engineering News,. Vol. 62, p. 40
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International Slide Rule Museum